{"id":21937,"date":"2016-04-13T00:06:18","date_gmt":"2016-04-13T04:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cccc.org\/news_blogs\/?p=21937"},"modified":"2021-10-07T11:13:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T15:13:04","slug":"sending-a-message-to-twu-your-graduates-need-not-apply","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cccc.org\/news_blogs\/intersection\/2016\/04\/13\/sending-a-message-to-twu-your-graduates-need-not-apply\/","title":{"rendered":"Sending a Message to TWU: Your Graduates Need Not Apply"},"content":{"rendered":"
This entry is part 17 of 42 in the series Trinity Western University<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"The

The Law Courts, Halifax, Nova Scotia<\/p><\/div>\n

I observed history last week at the hearing of the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal in the case of Trinity Western University School of Law (TWU). Over twenty lawyers were crammed into the Court Room on the 5th<\/sup> floor of The Law Courts, in downtown Halifax. It seemed only a short time before when I was there with my colleagues for the first hearing before Justice Jamie S. Campbell in December 2014. Justice Campbell ruled in favour of TWU, saying that the Canadian Charter of Rights <\/em>was not a \u201cblueprint for moral conformity.\u201d[1] His decision was a stinging rebuke to the Nova Scotia Barrister\u2019s Society\u2019s (NSBS) refusal to recognize the TWU law degree. Campbell held that TWU\u2019s religious freedom was unjustifiably violated. Not surprisingly, perhaps, the NSBS appealed his decision.<\/p>\n

\"IMG_2164<\/p>\n

As I listened to the arguments of the Society justifying their denial of the TWU degree it was evident that a major purpose of their rejection was to send a message to TWU. However, the practical effect of that decision denied TWU law graduates the ability to practise law in Nova Scotia. The graduates are to suffer the ire of the Society for TWU\u2019s religious position on marriage. According to Jill Perry, president of the Nova Scotia Barristers’ Society, the decision was \u201cnot about penalizing TWU graduates.\u201d Rather, \u201c[i]t’s about sending a message to the university that we as a law society have a problem with your admissions policies.”[2]<\/p>\n

The NSBS is offended[3] by the Christian law school\u2019s admission policy that requires students to sign a Community Covenant that commits them to maintaining a lifestyle that would abstain from, \u201csexual intimacy that violates the sacredness of marriage between a man and a woman.\u201d[4]<\/p>\n

The Regulations governing the Society stated that a \u201claw degree\u201d was defined as that degree approved by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada. The Society\u2019s lawyers admitted that the Federation\u2019s approval meant that the TWU degree was an approved degree in Nova Scotia.  However, given the context, the Society did not want to recognize the degree. The Society held a Council meeting on April 25, 2014 and voted 10-9 not to approve the TWU program unless TWU either exempts law students from signing the Covenant or amends the Covenant \u201cin a way that ceases to discriminate.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Lawyer

Lawyer Brian Casey, representing TWU in media scrum<\/p><\/div>\n

Unfortunately for the Society, it had no authority (and this is the matter of contention) under its own regulations to deny the degree on the basis of a law school\u2019s admissions policy. Therefore, changes had to be made to the Regulations under the Legal Profession Act in order to legitimize the April decision. It was not until July 2014 that the Regulations were amended.<\/p>\n

Notice the order of events here: first, the law school is approved by the Federation and as a result it is a lawfully recognized law degree in Nova Scotia; second, the NSBS does not want to recognize the law degree because it does not want to \u201ccondone\u201d TWU\u2019s allegedly \u201cdiscriminatory\u201d admissions policies; third, the Society\u2019s regulations do not give the Society authority to disapprove the degree so it subsequently amends its regulations in July to retroactively support its April decision. One would have thought that the better approach would have been to make the changes in the Regulations first and then make a decision \u2013 but hindsight is always 20\/20.<\/p>\n

Now, in July 2014, the Society amends its regulations to say that after the Federation approves a law degree it will be recognized as such in Nova Scotia \u201cunless Council, acting in the public interest, determines that the university granting the degree unlawfully<\/strong> discriminates in its law student admissions or enrolment policies or requirements on grounds prohibited by either or both the Charter of Rights and Freedoms <\/em>and the Nova Scotia Human Rights Act<\/em>\u2026.\u201d (Emphasis added.)<\/p>\n

Notice the word unlawfully<\/strong>. This is very important and it was picked up by the judges on the Court of Appeal.<\/p>\n

The problem is this: TWU\u2019s admissions policy is not \u201cunlawful\u201d! This is what Justice Campbell found in his January 2015 decision. TWU does not violate any law because it is exempt from both the Charter and the BC human rights legislation. Therefore, even on the basis of the Society\u2019s own regulatory amendment, TWU is absolved from any legal challenge!<\/p>\n

The irony is that these regulations were written by the very governing body of the legal profession. It did not help the irony any when the Advocate\u2019s Society, whose tag line is \u201cpromoting excellence in advocacy,\u201d called on the Court to simply cut through the \u201cweeds\u201d of argument about the meaning of the word \u201cunlawfully\u201d and allow the NSBS the latitude to do what it wants! As lawyers, words are our bread and butter; rarely do we treat them as mere weeds.<\/p>\n

When confronted with the problem of using the word \u201cunlawfully\u201d the lawyers supporting the Society\u2019s position tried a number of approaches. First, they argued that the admissions policy would be \u201cunlawful\u201d under the human rights legislation in Nova Scotia. However, the justices did not appear convinced with that answer. It troubled the Court that the policy was not of a law school in Nova Scotia but in British Columbia. There is an obvious problem with extraterritoriality. Simply put, how can the Nova Scotia Barristers\u2019 Society rule on matters in BC? It is outside of their jurisdiction.<\/p>\n

Second, they argued that the Society\u2019s decision, in and of itself, being made in Nova Scotia, was bound by the Charter<\/em> and the Nova Scotia Human Rights Act<\/em>. Not to make a statement against TWU\u2019s discrimination, they said, would be to condone that which is against \u201cCharter values\u201d. Charter values was argued to include the view expressed by Justice Abella in the Loyola [5] <\/em>case as being concerned with \u201cequality, human rights, and democracy.\u201d TWU, it was claimed, discriminated against the LGB community with its admissions policy.  Therefore, it was against those three \u201cCharter values.\u201d<\/p>\n

That is a curious formulation. Here we have a university policy that was already vetted by the Supreme Court in 2001[6] and was found constitutional. Further, is it not strange that a \u201cCharter value\u201d would take away a positive Charter right \u2013 religious freedom? How have we come to the place where a notion such as a \u201cCharter value\u201d supersedes the actual protection of the Charter right itself?  Consider that religion is an equality right; religious freedom is a human right; and Chief Justice Dickson in the seminal case on religious freedom (Big M Drug Mart <\/em>[7]) noted that the principles of religious freedom undergirded our democratic system of government![8]<\/p>\n

The issue of condoning is peculiar. The Society argued that if it accepted the TWU law degree it was condoning TWU\u2019s discrimination. That simply does not flow. The locus of the Society\u2019s work, in reviewing those wanting to practice law, is to ensure that they are competent with the requisite skills to practise law not whether their religious beliefs are acceptable. A government\u2019s approval, or an issuance of a professional license does not mean the state actor is thereby approving the person\u2019s religious beliefs or the beliefs of the institution where they were educated. To say otherwise would require the government coming up with its own list of acceptable religious beliefs and practices and then use it as a guide or a measuring stick to ensure it is fair. Does that not appear odd? Where would such an inquiry end? Will it matter only for professional licenses such as law? What about nursing, or teaching? What of other non-professional licenses such as driving? Or, what about the issuing of charitable status to churches and other charities \u2013 does the issuing of charitable status thereby imply government acceptance of the religious beliefs of the organization?<\/p>\n

\"Barry

Barry W. Bussey with Kevin Sawatsky<\/p><\/div>\n

It is apparent the Nova Scotia Barrister\u2019s Society has a \u201ctough row to hoe\u201d on this one. And so they should. Rather than allow for a Canada that protects both the religious freedom right of Christians and the equality rights of the LGBT community in tandem, the Society decided to choose equality at the expense of religion. As my friend, Albertos Polizogopoulos noted, \u201c[t]his is inclusion by exclusion\u2026.\u201d[9]<\/p>\n

The reality is we have a constitution that protects both rights. Ours is a society where we must be able to live peacefully on the same real estate. The right of all Canadians is to live their identity to the full. That may mean that there are some who are uncomfortable with the views and practices of others. However, if the Charter means anything it is that we are obliged to respect the rights of everyone.<\/p>\n

The message that the Barrister\u2019s Society sent, though it may not have intended it as such, was that any TWU law graduate that holds the traditional view of marriage is not welcome in Nova Scotia.  That is unfortunate. I would hope that the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal now sends a message to the Society that affirms Justice Campbell\u2019s decision that \u201c[l]earning in an environment with people who promise to comply with the code is a religious practice and an expression of religious faith. There is nothing illegal or even rogue about that. That is a messy and uncomfortable fact of life in a pluralistic society.\u201d[10]<\/p>\n

The CCCC factum filed at the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal can be found here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[1] Trinity Western University v. Nova Scotia Barristers\u2019 Society, 2015 NSSC 25 (CanLII), <http:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/gg386>, retrieved on 2016-04-12<\/p>\n

[2] http:\/\/www.capebretonpost.com\/News\/Regional\/2016-04-07\/article-4489844\/Christian-university-under-close-scrutiny-in-Nova-Scotia-appeal-court\/1<\/a><\/p>\n

[3] As is the Law Society of Upper Canada and the Law Society of British Columbia.<\/p>\n

[4] Trinity Western University, \u201cCommunity Covenant Agreement: Our Pledge to One Another.\u201d<\/p>\n

[5]  Loyola High School v. Quebec (Attorney General), [2015] 1 SCR 613, 2015 SCC 12 (CanLII), <http:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/ggrhf>, retrieved on 2016-04-13, see paras. 46-49.<\/p>\n

[6] Trinity Western University v. British Columbia College of Teachers, [2001] 1 SCR 772, 2001 SCC 31 (CanLII), <http:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/dmd>, retrieved on 2016-04-12<\/p>\n

[7] R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd., [1985] 1 SCR 295, (CanLII),  <http:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/1fv2b>, retrieved on 2016-04-12<\/p>\n

[8] R. v. Big M Drug Mart, at para. 122.<\/p>\n

[9] https:\/\/www.cardus.ca\/blog\/2016\/04\/challenging-trinity-western-university<\/a><\/p>\n

[10] Trinity Western University v. Nova Scotia Barristers\u2019 Society, at para. 11.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This entry is part 17 of 42 in the series Trinity Western University<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

I observed history last week at the hearing of the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal in the case of Trinity Western University School of Law (TWU). Over twenty lawyers were crammed into the Court Room on the 5th floor of The Law Courts, in downtown Halifax. It seemed only a… More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ts_fic_featured_image_caption":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[137],"tags":[138,203,141,195],"series":[301],"class_list":["post-21937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-law-and-religion","tag-nova-scotia-barristers-society","tag-religious-freedom","tag-trinity-western-university","series-trinity-western-university"],"yoast_head":"\nSending a Message to TWU: Your Graduates Need Not Apply - CCCC Blogs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cccc.org\/news_blogs\/intersection\/2016\/04\/13\/sending-a-message-to-twu-your-graduates-need-not-apply\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sending a Message to TWU: Your Graduates Need Not Apply - CCCC Blogs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I observed history last week at the hearing of the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal in the case of Trinity Western University School of Law (TWU). 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If no paper will pick it up I will publish it here on my blog. In the meantime here are a few\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"@TWUSchoolofLaw\"","block_context":{"text":"@TWUSchoolofLaw","link":"https:\/\/cccc.org\/news_blogs\/tag\/twuschooloflaw\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"The Law Courts, Halifax, Nova Scotia","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cccc.org\/news_blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/IMG_2160-300x200.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":21863,"url":"https:\/\/cccc.org\/news_blogs\/intersection\/2016\/03\/30\/cccc-granted-intervener-status-at-the-bc-court-of-appeal-on-twu-case\/","url_meta":{"origin":21937,"position":1},"title":"CCCC Granted Intervener Status at the BC Court of Appeal on TWU Case","author":"cccc","date":"March 30, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Today Mr. Justice Peter M. Willcock, of the British Columbia Court of Appeal, granted leave for the Canadian Council of Christian Charities (CCCC) to intervene in the case involving Trinity Western University (TWU) and the Law Society of British Columbia (LSBC). Barry W. 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Both the Ontario Divisional Court and the Ontario Court of Appeal ruled in favour of Ontario's law society (The Law Society of Upper Canada). 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